Austrian Roots
Helping descendants of people persecuted by the Nazi regime understand their Austrian family history, identify the right historical sources and navigate the documentary foundations of a possible path to Austrian citizenship.
Citizenship can be restored. The history often has to be reconstructed first.
Descendants of people who were persecuted by the Nazi regime in Austria may be eligible to acquire Austrian citizenship without giving up their existing citizenship.
For many families, however, the path begins with history: proving who the persecuted ancestor was, reconstructing the family line, locating the relevant Austrian records and understanding the circumstances of persecution, flight or exile.
Austrian Roots explains where these records can be found, how they fit together and what historical documentation is typically relevant. We do not provide legal advice or individual legal assessments. Detailed information on the citizenship process and the applicable rules can be found below.
From family story to documentary trail
Start with what the family knows
Names, dates, places, passports, letters, photographs and oral history can provide the first clues.
Identify the Austrian sources
Parish registers, civil records, residence files, citizenship records, address directories and archival holdings may establish identities and family relationships.
Document persecution and departure
Historical records may establish flight, expulsion, loss of rights, deportation, expropriation or emigration.
Assemble the documentary chain
The evidence must make the relationship between the present-day applicant and the persecuted Austrian ancestor understandable and verifiable.
Prepare the historical documentation
Applications may require a professional genealogical and historical report that brings the evidence together, explains the historical context and provides a neutral expert assessment.
More than a bundle of certificates
A good report turns scattered records into a coherent, verifiable historical account.
In many cases, the historical documentation submitted with an application has to do more than reproduce documents. It should identify the relevant family relationships, explain the historical background of persecution and displacement, connect the individual records to one another and provide a neutral professional assessment.
Austrian Roots does not prepare individual reports. Our role is to explain what such documentation should contain, which sources may be relevant, how Austrian archives work and when professional assistance may be appropriate.
Finding professional help
Applicants may choose an independent professional familiar with Austrian archival sources and the historical context of Nazi persecution.
These links are provided as examples only. Austrian Roots does not require applicants to use any particular provider.
Where family history survives
Parish & civil records
Births, baptisms, marriages and deaths are often the backbone of a documented family line.
Residence records
Meldezettel, address directories and municipal files can reveal where a family lived and when it moved.
Citizenship records
Historical citizenship, Heimatrecht and municipal files may help clarify legal and administrative status.
Persecution records
Files relating to persecution, confiscation, deportation and restitution may document what happened to a family.
Emigration sources
Passports, border records, passenger lists and foreign registrations can help reconstruct the route out of Austria.
Archives & databases
Knowing which archive holds which record is often more important than knowing a document exists.
Historic archival records are often the starting point for reconstructing family histories and documenting persecution, flight and descent.
§ 58c Austrian Citizenship Act
Below is the complete current German text of § 58c StbG together with an unofficial English translation. The official German text published in the Austrian Legal Information System (RIS) remains authoritative.
§ 58c Staatsbürgerschaftsgesetz 1985
§ 58c. (1) Ein Fremder erwirbt unter den Voraussetzungen des § 10 Abs. 1 Z 2 bis 6 und 8 und Abs. 2 Z 1 und 3 bis 7 die Staatsbürgerschaft, wenn er der Behörde (§ 39) unter Bezugnahme auf dieses Bundesgesetz schriftlich anzeigt, sich als Staatsbürger oder Staatsangehöriger eines der Nachfolgestaaten der ehemaligen österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie oder Staatenloser jeweils mit Hauptwohnsitz im Bundesgebiet vor dem 15. Mai 1955 in das Ausland begeben zu haben, weil er Verfolgungen durch Organe der NSDAP oder der Behörden des Deutschen Reiches mit Grund zu befürchten hatte oder erlitten hat oder weil er wegen seines Eintretens für die demokratische Republik Österreich Verfolgungen ausgesetzt war oder solche zu befürchten hatte.
(1a) Abs. 1 gilt auch für einen Fremden, der die Staatsbürgerschaft in zeitlicher Nähe zu seiner Ausreise verloren hat, weil er aufgrund einer Eheschließung eine fremde Staatsangehörigkeit erworben hat.
(2) Ein Fremder erwirbt unter den Voraussetzungen des § 10 Abs. 1 Z 2 bis 6 und 8 und Abs. 2 Z 1 und 3 bis 7 die Staatsbürgerschaft, wenn er
- Staatsbürger war und zwischen dem 30. Jänner 1933 und dem 9. Mai 1945 über keinen Hauptwohnsitz im Bundesgebiet verfügt hat, weil er im Falle einer Rückkehr oder erstmaligen Einreise in das Bundesgebiet zur Begründung eines Hauptwohnsitzes Verfolgungen durch Organe der NSDAP oder der Behörden des Deutschen Reiches oder wegen seines Eintretens für die demokratische Republik Österreich zu befürchten gehabt hätte,
- als Staatsbürger von Organen der NSDAP oder der Behörden des Deutschen Reiches oder wegen seines Eintretens für die demokratische Republik Österreich vor dem 9. Mai 1945 in das Ausland deportiert wurde, oder
- als Staatsangehöriger eines der Nachfolgestaaten der ehemaligen österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie oder als Staatenloser jeweils mit Hauptwohnsitz im Bundesgebiet vor dem 9. Mai 1945 von Organen der NSDAP oder der Behörden des Deutschen Reiches oder wegen seines Eintretens für die demokratische Republik Österreich in das Ausland deportiert wurde,
und er dies der Behörde (§ 39) unter Bezugnahme auf dieses Bundesgesetz schriftlich anzeigt.
(3) Ein Fremder erwirbt unter den Voraussetzungen des § 10 Abs. 1 Z 2 bis 6 und 8 und Abs. 2 Z 1 und 3 bis 7 die Staatsbürgerschaft, wenn er der Behörde (§ 39) unter Bezugnahme auf dieses Bundesgesetz schriftlich anzeigt und durch unbedenkliche Urkunden oder sonstige geeignete und gleichwertige Bescheinigungsmittel nachweist, dass er Nachkomme in direkter absteigender Linie einer Person ist, die gemäß Abs. 1 oder 2 die Staatsbürgerschaft erworben hat oder erwerben hätte können, wobei die Prüfung der Erfüllung der Voraussetzungen des § 10 Abs. 1 Z 2 bis 6 und 8 und Abs. 2 Z 1 und 3 bis 7 hinsichtlich des Vorfahren entfällt.
(4) Weiters erwirbt ein Fremder unter den Voraussetzungen des § 10 Abs. 1 Z 2 bis 6 und 8 und Abs. 2 Z 1 und 3 bis 7 die Staatsbürgerschaft, wenn er der Behörde (§ 39) unter Bezugnahme auf dieses Bundesgesetz schriftlich anzeigt und durch unbedenkliche Urkunden oder sonstige geeignete und gleichwertige Bescheinigungsmittel nachweist, dass er Nachkomme in direkter absteigender Linie
- einer Person ist, die als Staatsbürger aufgrund von Verfolgungen durch Organe der NSDAP oder der Behörden des Deutschen Reiches oder wegen ihres Eintretens für die demokratische Republik Österreich vor dem 9. Mai 1945 im Bundesgebiet oder im Ausland ums Leben gekommen ist, oder
- einer Person ist, die als Staatsangehöriger eines der Nachfolgestaaten der ehemaligen österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie oder als Staatenloser jeweils mit Hauptwohnsitz im Bundesgebiet vor dem 9. Mai 1945 aufgrund von Verfolgungen durch Organe der NSDAP oder der Behörden des Deutschen Reiches oder wegen ihres Eintretens für die demokratische Republik Österreich im Bundesgebiet oder im Ausland ums Leben gekommen ist.
(5) Die Abs. 3 und 4 gelten nicht, wenn der Fremde die Staatsbürgerschaft nicht mehr besitzt, weil er eine fremde Staatsangehörigkeit erworben hat (§ 27), es sei denn, der Fremde wusste zum Zeitpunkt des Erwerbs der fremden Staatsangehörigkeit nicht, dass er im Besitz der Staatsbürgerschaft ist. Die Abs. 3 und 4 gelten weiters nicht, wenn der Fremde die Staatsbürgerschaft nach §§ 32 bis 34 oder 37 verloren hat.
(6) Als Nachkommen gemäß Abs. 3 und 4 gelten auch Wahlkinder, die als Minderjährige an Kindesstatt angenommen wurden.
(7) Liegen die Voraussetzungen des Abs. 1, 2, 3 oder 4 vor, so hat die Behörde mit schriftlichem Bescheid festzustellen, dass der Einschreiter die Staatsbürgerschaft mit dem Tag des Einlangens der Anzeige bei der Behörde (§ 39) erworben hat.
(8) Die Anzeige kann auch bei der gemäß § 41 Abs. 2 zuständigen Vertretungsbehörde eingebracht werden, die sie an die Behörde weiterzuleiten hat.
(9) Die Anzeige, der Bescheid und im Verfahren beizubringende Unterlagen wie insbesondere Zeugnisse, Personenstandsurkunden und Übersetzungen sind gebührenfrei. § 19 Abs. 2 gilt.
(10) Die Behörde kann in Verfahren nach Abs. 1 bis 4 den Nationalfonds der Republik Österreich für Opfer des Nationalsozialismus zur Beurteilung der Nachvollziehbarkeit des Vorliegens der Voraussetzungen als Sachverständigen beiziehen. Zu diesem Zweck ist der Nationalfonds ermächtigt, personenbezogene Daten einschließlich besonderer Kategorien personenbezogener Daten gemäß Art. 9 Abs. 1 DSGVO dem Einschreiter und der Behörde zu übermitteln.
Official German text. Source: Austrian Legal Information System (RIS). Current consolidated provision; § 58c has been in this form since 1 May 2022, last amended by BGBl. I No. 48/2022.
Unofficial English translation
§ 58c. (1) A foreign national acquires Austrian citizenship, subject to the requirements of § 10(1) nos. 2 to 6 and 8 and § 10(2) nos. 1 and 3 to 7, if he or she notifies the authority (§ 39) in writing, with reference to this Federal Act, that, as an Austrian citizen, a national of one of the successor states of the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, or a stateless person, in each case with his or her principal residence in the federal territory, he or she left Austria for a foreign country before 15 May 1955 because he or she had well-founded reason to fear, or had suffered, persecution by organs of the NSDAP or by the authorities of the German Reich, or because he or she was exposed to persecution, or had reason to fear such persecution, on account of his or her support for the democratic Republic of Austria.
(1a) Paragraph (1) also applies to a foreign national who lost Austrian citizenship close in time to his or her departure because he or she acquired a foreign nationality as a result of marriage.
(2) A foreign national acquires Austrian citizenship, subject to the requirements of § 10(1) nos. 2 to 6 and 8 and § 10(2) nos. 1 and 3 to 7, if he or she
- was an Austrian citizen and, between 30 January 1933 and 9 May 1945, did not have a principal residence in the federal territory because, had he or she returned to or entered the federal territory for the first time in order to establish a principal residence, he or she would have had reason to fear persecution by organs of the NSDAP or by the authorities of the German Reich, or persecution on account of his or her support for the democratic Republic of Austria;
- as an Austrian citizen, was deported abroad before 9 May 1945 by organs of the NSDAP or by the authorities of the German Reich, or because of his or her support for the democratic Republic of Austria; or
- as a national of one of the successor states of the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, or as a stateless person, in each case with a principal residence in the federal territory, was deported abroad before 9 May 1945 by organs of the NSDAP or by the authorities of the German Reich, or because of his or her support for the democratic Republic of Austria;
and notifies the authority (§ 39) of this in writing with reference to this Federal Act.
(3) A foreign national acquires Austrian citizenship, subject to the requirements of § 10(1) nos. 2 to 6 and 8 and § 10(2) nos. 1 and 3 to 7, if he or she notifies the authority (§ 39) in writing with reference to this Federal Act and proves, by unobjectionable documents or other suitable and equivalent means of evidence, that he or she is a direct descendant of a person who acquired, or would have been able to acquire, Austrian citizenship under paragraphs (1) or (2). The assessment of whether the ancestor fulfilled the requirements of § 10(1) nos. 2 to 6 and 8 and § 10(2) nos. 1 and 3 to 7 is not required.
(4) A foreign national also acquires Austrian citizenship, subject to the requirements of § 10(1) nos. 2 to 6 and 8 and § 10(2) nos. 1 and 3 to 7, if he or she notifies the authority (§ 39) in writing with reference to this Federal Act and proves, by unobjectionable documents or other suitable and equivalent means of evidence, that he or she is a direct descendant
- of a person who, as an Austrian citizen, died in the federal territory or abroad before 9 May 1945 as a result of persecution by organs of the NSDAP or by the authorities of the German Reich, or because of his or her support for the democratic Republic of Austria; or
- of a person who, as a national of one of the successor states of the former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, or as a stateless person, in each case with a principal residence in the federal territory, died in the federal territory or abroad before 9 May 1945 as a result of persecution by organs of the NSDAP or by the authorities of the German Reich, or because of his or her support for the democratic Republic of Austria.
(5) Paragraphs (3) and (4) do not apply if the foreign national no longer possesses Austrian citizenship because he or she acquired a foreign nationality (§ 27), unless, at the time of acquiring that foreign nationality, the person did not know that he or she possessed Austrian citizenship. Paragraphs (3) and (4) also do not apply if the foreign national lost Austrian citizenship under §§ 32 to 34 or 37.
(6) Descendants within the meaning of paragraphs (3) and (4) also include adopted children who were adopted while minors.
(7) If the requirements of paragraphs (1), (2), (3) or (4) are met, the authority shall determine by written decision that the applicant acquired Austrian citizenship on the date on which the notification was received by the authority (§ 39).
(8) The notification may also be submitted to the competent Austrian representative authority pursuant to § 41(2), which shall forward it to the competent authority.
(9) The notification, the decision and documents to be submitted in the proceedings, including in particular certificates, civil-status documents and translations, are exempt from fees. § 19(2) applies.
(10) In proceedings under paragraphs (1) to (4), the authority may consult the National Fund of the Republic of Austria for Victims of National Socialism as an expert in order to assess whether the existence of the relevant requirements is sufficiently plausible. For this purpose, the National Fund is authorised to transmit personal data, including special categories of personal data within the meaning of Article 9(1) GDPR, to the applicant and to the authority.
Unofficial translation. This English version is provided for information only. In the event of any discrepancy, the official German-language text published in RIS is authoritative.
When specialist legal advice matters
Austrian Roots explains official information; it does not interpret the law for individual applicants. Straightforward cases may not require a lawyer. Complex questions involving citizenship status, foreign nationals law, restitution, inheritance or historical legal status can make specialist Austrian legal advice essential.
Useful starting points
Examples of specialist legal providers
Independent listing: organisations and professionals are listed as examples and sources of further information only. Austrian Roots does not recommend or endorse any particular legal representative and receives no commission or remuneration for these references.
Getting oriented
Is Austrian Roots a government service?
No. It is an independent Austrian non-profit initiative.
Does Austrian Roots decide whether I qualify for Austrian citizenship?
No. Eligibility and legal consequences are matters for the competent Austrian authorities or qualified Austrian legal professionals.
Can I research my family myself?
Yes. A central aim is to make Austrian sources, archive structures and terminology understandable enough for descendants to carry out their own research and recognise when specialist help is needed.
Does Austrian Roots carry out individual family research?
No. Individual commissioned genealogy is not part of the association's activity. The association may conduct academic research on broader historical questions.
Does Austrian Roots provide legal advice?
No. We reproduce and explain information published by official authorities. We do not provide individual legal advice, legal representation or assessments of the prospects of a particular case.
Who is eligible?
In general, direct descendants of a person who was persecuted by the Nazi regime in Austria and falls within the requirements of § 58c of the Austrian Citizenship Act may be eligible. This includes children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren and further direct descendants. Persons adopted as minors may also qualify. Eligibility ultimately depends on the legal requirements and the individual historical circumstances of the persecuted ancestor.
Can my whole family and my descendants get Austrian citizenship?
Potentially, yes. Each direct descendant has an individual right to file a declaration if the legal requirements are met. Parents or grandparents do not have to apply first. Each person who is already born before citizenship is granted normally needs a separate declaration. Children born after a parent has acquired Austrian citizenship are generally Austrian citizens by descent under the usual rules. A spouse or partner is not eligible under § 58c merely through marriage.
Is this dual citizenship, or do I have to give up my UK or US citizenship?
Austria allows people acquiring citizenship under § 58c to keep their existing nationality. According to current information published by the Austrian authorities, acquiring Austrian citizenship under this provision is not expected to result in the loss of British or US citizenship. Rules differ between countries, however, so applicants holding other nationalities should check the position with the competent authority of that country.
How long does the process take?
There is no fixed official processing time. The Austrian authorities state that the duration depends on factors such as the documents submitted and whether additional archival research is required. A complete and well-structured file can make the procedure more efficient. Once citizenship has been granted, applying for an Austrian passport is a separate procedure.
What are the costs?
Filing a declaration under § 58c is exempt from Austrian federal fees. For applicants for whom Vienna is the competent provincial authority, the Province of Vienna currently does not charge an additional fee for the citizenship procedure. Applicants may nevertheless incur costs for obtaining civil-status documents, apostilles, certified translations, historical or genealogical documentation and any professional assistance they choose to use. After citizenship has been granted, passports and other documents are subject to separate fees.
Independent, educational and international
Austrian Roots is being developed as an Austrian non-profit association focused on historical education, source literacy, remembrance and scholarly research. Its work is directed especially at descendants whose connection to Austria was broken by Nazi persecution.
Future resources will include archive guides, downloadable checklists, historical glossaries, case studies, official links and guidance on the structure and purpose of professional historical documentation.
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Austria: history, memory and reconnection across generations.